Scuppernong Growing, Propagation and Pruning Guide

Scuppernong is a white grape variety native to the southeastern United States. Scuppernong is a native North American grape variety. At present, it is mainly planted in the southeast of the United States, especially in North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and North Virginia.
Scuppernong's name comes from scuppernong River in North Carolina. It is believed that all scuppernong vines at present come from the same "mother". It is a growing old grape vine in manteo town near Roanoke Island, North Carolina, with a length of 36.5 meters. It is said that it was first introduced and bred in the 17th century.

Scuppernong Quick Info

Botanical/Scientific Name	Vitis Rotundifolia Scuppernong
Common Name	Scuppernong Grape, Southern Fox Grape
Uses	Pies, jellies, jams, and wines
Origin	North Carolina
Light Care	Avoid shaded areas
Soil Care	Full sun and well-draining soil
Temperature Care	77 and 90 degrees F (25 to 32°C)
Humidity Care	Adequate moisture levels
Watering	1/2 to 1 inch of water per week
Pruning Care	Regular pruning and maintenance throughout the growing season
Fertilizer Care	10-10-10 fertilizer
Propagation	Propagated from cuttings
Toxic	Toxic to Dogs and Cats

Scuppernong Care in Detail

Scuppernong Watering

We water scuppernong for the first time in spring to ensure that the plants get sufficient water, so the effect of flood irrigation is better than drip irrigation. After flood irrigation, the soil is compact and the ground temperature rises quickly. If the water overflows the base of the grape neck, the pest will be reduced a lot, especially scale insects. Therefore, this water is poured according to the water source conditions. Where there is a lack of water, we can open a 30 cm water channel along both sides of the planting line. We can also drip irrigation by scuppernong for a long time. Where there is no shortage of water, it can also be wasted and watered.
Watering after scuppernong sprouts should be combined with fertilization, or we should pay attention to the ground temperature. Watering after it is dry will cause stem cracking and the wound may infect bacteria; It can't be watered frequently. The ground temperature recovers slowly and doesn't like to grow.
We should water scuppernong before flowering to ensure soil moisture during flowering. Flowering is a short and sensitive period. Generally, we do not advocate watering scuppernong during flowering, but for sandy soil and other soil conditions with poor water and fertilizer retention ability, we have to consider watering during flowering. In principle, do not water as long as the humidity is OK (the soil 10 cm below the surface can be kneaded into a ball).

Scuppernong Soil

If we want to propagate scuppernong, we need to prepare grape saplings. Generally, we can choose larger scuppernong saplings. We can choose to plant them in sandy soil or yellow clay. The soil should be more fertile. During planting, we should ensure the spacing of scuppernong as far as possible and do not plant them too close.
The most suitable soil for scuppernong growth is sandy loam or light loam with loose soil, moderate porosity and small bulk density. This kind of scuppernong soil has good ventilation, drainage, water and fertilizer retention, which is conducive to the growth of grape roots. Although the sandy soil is loose, has strong air permeability, good drainage, few weeds, light diseases and insect pests, is not easy for grape nodule aphids to reproduce, the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is conducive to nutrient accumulation, but the nutrient content is low, the fertilizer and water conservation is poor, the thermal conductivity is high, the temperature becomes large, and the plants are vulnerable to freezing damage in winter and spring. Grapes planted on such scuppernong soil often mature early, have high sugar content, but have small fruit grains.

Scuppernong Light

We need to pay attention to the light when planting scuppernong. Scuppernong trees still need more sunlight. Do not plant them in the dark. That will easily lead to no grapes. We need to pay special attention to this.
In the process of planting scuppernong, we will find many problems. It should be noted that scuppernong is a light loving plant with high requirements for light. The length of light hours has a great impact on grape growth, development, yield and quality. When the light of scuppernong is insufficient, the growth of new shoots is weak, the leaves are thin, the leaf color is light, the ear is small, there are many flowers and fruits falling, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the differentiation of winter buds is poor.

Scuppernong Temperature

Temperature is an important factor in the growth and development of scuppernong. Scuppernong is a temperate plant with high heat requirements. However, different developmental stages have different requirements for temperature. The optimum temperature for shoot growth is 25 to 30 ℃; The optimum temperature at flowering stage is 20 to 28 degrees Celsius, with slight differences among varieties. The lowest temperature at night is not less than 14 degrees Celsius, otherwise pollination and fertilization are poor. The growth of scuppernong is not lower than 20 ℃. If it is lower than 20 ℃, the berry grows slowly and the maturity is delayed. The fruit ripening period is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. When it is lower than 14 degrees Celsius, it cannot mature normally. The temperature difference between day and night during the ripening period should be greater than 10 degrees Celsius, which is conducive to the accumulation of sugar and the improvement of quality. If the temperature during the growth period is higher than 40 ℃, it will cause damage to scuppernong. The roots will be frozen at low temperatures below minus 5 degrees Celsius. The growth and development of scuppernong is also affected by the active accumulated temperature above 10 ℃. Varieties in different maturity stages have different requirements for active accumulated temperature. Under open field conditions, due to the low active accumulated temperature in cold areas, late maturing and very late maturing varieties can not mature normally, and only early maturing and medium maturing varieties can be planted.

Scuppernong Humidity

Generally speaking, scuppernong does not like the environment with high humidity. The flowering period of scuppernong requires sunny, warm and relatively dry weather. If the weather is wet or continuous rain and low temperature, it will hinder the normal flowering, pollination and fertilization, and cause the loss of ovary and young fruit. Excessive rain or continuous rain during scuppernong's mature period (July September) will lead to the decrease of sugar content, disease breeding and fruit rot and cracking of scuppernong, which will have a particularly serious impact on the quality of scuppernong. Scuppernong is rainy in the late growth stage (September October), and the new shoots mature poorly, so it is easy to be frozen during overwintering. Therefore, on the whole, scuppernong is most suitable for cultivation in places with sufficient sunshine, loose soil, dry climate and irrigation conditions. In the case of excessive drought, scuppernong's branches and leaves grow slowly, the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves is weakened, and the respiration is strengthened, which often leads to insufficient plant growth, lower sugar content of fruits and higher acidity. Therefore, when developing scuppernong production in arid areas, we must pay attention to the establishment of irrigation facilities.

Scuppernong Fertilizer

After we grow up in scuppernong, we need to fertilize scuppernong to promote the growth of grapes. In the process of fertilizing scuppernong, we should choose good weather as much as possible and water appropriately after fertilization.

Scuppernong Pruning

Scuppernong maintains a relatively stable equilibrium relationship under the condition of natural growth, that is to say; The balance between aboveground and underground was maintained. After scuppernong pruning, the balance relationship was broken, resulting in changes between aboveground and root, whole and local, and re establishing a new balance relationship. In scuppernong management, any technical measure, such as fertilization and irrigation, is a process of changing all parts of fruit trees under the cooperation of external environmental conditions
1. Scuppernong pruning has dual effects on fruit trees. The objects of scuppernong pruning are all kinds of useless branches, but its function is not the cut branches themselves, but also the whole tree. From a local point of view, you only removed one branch, and the first bud of the cut grows vigorously, but from a global point of view, it inhibits the growth of the whole tree and root system. This effect of promoting local inhibition of the whole is the dual effect of pruning. Scuppernong pruning's promoting effect on local is mainly due to reducing the number of buds after pruning, changing the original distribution relationship of water and nutrients, so that nutrients and water are concentrated on the retained branches and buds; At the same time, through pruning, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, and the nutrient level of the remaining branches and buds is improved.
2. Scuppernong pruning can adjust the amount of fruit to ensure high quality and high yield. The yield is determined by pruning. However, the yield is too high, which exceeds its own load capacity, affects scuppernong varieties, affects the flower bud differentiation and branch maturity of the current year, and is not conducive to the fruit and growth of the next year.
3. The purpose of scuppernong pruning is to cultivate a reasonable tree structure, prune in four seasons, adjust and maintain the tree body, so as to make the tree body always strong, high yield, high yield and high quality.

Scuppernong Repotting

After the potted scuppernong grows in the basin for 2-3 years, its roots are densely distributed in the basin and grow in circles along the basin wall to form a root ball. The basin soil is gradually reduced and most of the soil fertility is consumed. If scuppernong repotting, replacing new culture soil and increasing base fertilizer are not timely, it is bound to affect the growth of new roots and gradually weaken the growth potential of plants, The ability of root system to absorb nutrients will also be significantly weakened. Therefore, the potted scuppernong must be repotting after a certain period of time.
The small basin needs to be replaced once a year, the medium basin needs to be replaced once every 1-2 years, and the large basin can be replaced once every 2-3 years, so as to timely improve the nutritional conditions of potted scuppernong and facilitate the renewal and rejuvenation of plants. When changing pots, if the plants have grown up and the original pots are no longer conducive to plant growth, it is necessary to replace the big one and two pots. If the original pots are large enough, the original pots can still be used, but regardless of whether the new pots or the old pots are used, they must be soaked in 1% bleach solution for 5 minutes, washed and dried with clean water after taking them out, so as to reduce diseases and insect pests. If an old basin is used, the soil inside and outside the basin shall be cleaned with a steel wire brush, and then soaked in bleach water.
Scuppernon repotting time is mostly carried out before germination in early spring or during the whole dormancy period from defoliation to germination. First prepare the sterilized culture soil, and then take the scuppernong plant out of the basin. We can remove the old basin soil on the plant, cut off or shorten some old roots and fibrous roots curled too long along the basin wall, cut off the dead roots, and properly cut the dense long roots. We should also pay attention to the flat cut when pruning roots, so as to restore the growth of roots. After pruning, the scuppernong plants were planted in the original pot or a larger new pot with new culture soil. For the plants that have just finished scuppernong repotting, we should strengthen management, keep the basin soil moist, increase the basin soil temperature, promote the root system to resume growth as soon as possible, and make the whole plant renew, rejuvenate and grow healthily. (Find more healthy fruit here.)

Scuppernong Pest & Disease Control

1. Cob Brown blight

Symptoms: this scuppernon disease will cause the young fruit to shrink and fall off, leaving the cob. After the young fruit is killed, water soaked Brown irregular flake disease spots will occur on the fruit grain, resulting in fruit drop or dark brown round spots, which will not affect the fruit development, but will affect the appearance.
Control methods: we can reduce the water level, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, spray Bordeaux liquid, carbendazim or methyltobuzin at the beginning of flowering, and pour 0.5 ~ 1g Paclobutrazol on each grape root 18 days before flowering to enhance the disease resistance.

2. Anthrax

Symptoms: this scuppernon disease infringes on the fruit stalk and cob. The fruit grains at the tip of the ear near the ground come on first. After the disease, small brown round spots with the size of a needle are generated on the fruit surface, and then expand and sag, resulting in small black spots arranged in a wheel pattern on the surface. In the later stage, the fruit grains fall off, or gradually lose water and dry shrink, and the fruit stalk and cob come on, Produce dark brown oblong concave lesions.
Control method: spray 40% fumeishuang 100 times solution or 5 bomeidu stone sulfur mixture before grape germination. After flowering, it is the key period of control. Spray the drug every 15 days during fruit growth period for 3 ~ 4 times. The commonly used drugs include Pinke and Cobo 600 times solution, 50% Mycobacterium, 200 times lime half dose Bordeaux solution, 50% tobuzin 500 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution, 50% carbendazim 600 times solution, etc, The mother branch of the fruit should be sprayed carefully. The use of rujunte should be stopped at least one month before harvest. The residual effect period is long and should not be used more.

3. White rot

Symptoms: this scuppernon disease starts from the ear shaft and fruit stem close to the ground. At the initial stage, it is light brown irregular water stains. After one week, the diseased fruit turns dark brown and soft rot and falls off, accompanied by obvious earthy smell; The incidence of branches and tendrils is mostly at the injured part. At the initial stage, it is brown water stains like elliptical spots. At the later stage, the color becomes darker, the surface is dense, producing gray and white slightly raised small particles, and the cortex is separated from the wooden part, resulting in the withering of branches and leaves above the diseased part.
Control methods: we can timely cut off scuppernong's diseased branches and reduce the field humidity. In the early stage of growth, we mainly apply nitrogen fertilizer, and after fruit bearing, we mainly apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of plants. The commonly used drugs include 80% spray wettable powder 800 times liquid, 50% rujunte 800 times liquid, 70% chlorothalonil 700 times liquid, 50% thiophanate methyl 800 times liquid, etc, In the early stage of white rot, flusilazole 6000 ~ 8000 times liquid and other therapeutic agents should be sprayed in time.

4. Downy mildew

Symptoms: this scuppernon disease mainly endangers the leaves. At the initial stage, it is a small amorphous light yellow water stain like spot, which gradually expands later. There are yellow and brown irregular spots on the front of the leaves, and a white frost like mold layer on the back. In severe cases, the leaves are scorched and rolled up and fall off early.
Prevention and treatment method: the most effective agent for the prevention and treatment of this scuppernon disease is copper agent, such as Bordeaux liquid, etc. at the same time, spray grams, aluminum phosphide, etc. at the initial stage, spray 160 times Bordeaux liquid or 500 times 50% Carbendazim and 500 times 65% mancozeb, and then spray it every 10 ~ 15 days for 2 ~ 3 consecutive times, in addition to enoylmorpholine and flumorpholine, Frost, urea, cyanogen, etc. can also be used.

Scuppernong Propagation

Scuppernong Propagation from Cutting

For cutting branches of scuppernon Propagation from Cutting, we'd better choose annual vegetative branches or fruiting mother branches. Grape branches and bud mouth are full and strong, and each cutting branch leaves two or three buds.
Scuppernon cutting propagation is best carried out from December to January in winter, which is easier to survive. The vitality of Grape Cuttings is very tenacious. We don't have to worry. Because it has been more than ten days since I cut off the branches and put them on the ground, and the branches have hairy because of the problem of express delivery. Then I sterilized it with carbendazim.
Scuppernon cutting propagation seedbed is the fine sand in the river. Carbendazim is also used for soil sterilization to prevent mildew and decay of branches on the way. If it is in winter, we should cover the sclera, keep warm and moisturize, keep the sand moist, and take out the branches regularly to check whether there is mildew and decay.
If we want scuppernon cutting propagation to take root faster, we'd better buy some rooting agents and trace elements for root irrigation. During the growth of grape cutting, we must pay attention to the harm of wireless insects and mildew in the root. If so, we must use fungicides and nematode drugs for irrigation.

Scuppernong Propagation from Seeds

With the development of science and technology, more and more potted flowers reproduce by asexual reproduction, while less and less by seed reproduction. We all know that most scuppernong comes from cutting (cutting results quickly), but it has seeds, which proves that it can be planted with seeds. What about scuppernong propagation from seeds? Now let's discuss it.
1. Collect seeds
We first remove the peel juice from the collected grape seeds with clean water, dry them and store them in a low-temperature and dry place (refrigerator is OK).
2. Seed ripening
The seed sowing time of scuppernon singing propagation is generally from March to April in early spring (flower friends in the South can choose the time freely); The seeds shall be ripened two months before sowing. After mixing the seeds with 3 ~ 4 times of clean river sand, they shall be stored in sand under appropriate temperature, humidity and air conditions. Generally, grape seeds need to be in the low temperature of - 3 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ and wet sand with water content less than 5 {BF} to complete the post ripening stage in about 60 days.
During the sand storage of seeds, pay attention to check whether the temperature and humidity in the sand are suitable and whether there are rodents or insects. Especially after the Spring Festival, the temperature continues to rise. If the temperature exceeds 5 ℃ and the humidity exceeds 10 {BF}, turn the seeds over 1 ~ 2 times to prevent mildew.
3. Sowing
Scuppernon singing propagation is the same as sowing other seeds, with no special requirements. Potted grape management is more complex than field cultivation, and the management methods are also different.
1. Watering, once a day in summer, and once again at noon. The amount of watering should be just full;
2. Fertilizer should be applied thinly and frequently. The type of fertilizer: urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After 300 times dilution, irrigate the root, and take out part of the leaf surface for spraying;
3. Pruning and erection shall adopt different tree shapes according to the space size of the balcony. If the space is large, the shed frame can be used, and if the space is small, the fence frame can be used. In summer, the heart should be often picked to prevent overgrowth. In winter, pruning shall be appropriate according to different frame types, with 8-10 sections reserved for the extended head and 4-5 sections reserved for the general new shoots.
After scuppernong is planted, it takes about 3 years to produce scuppernong seeds, and the quality generally decreases, such as poor taste and disease resistance. So if you want to plant scuppernong with seeds, buy seedlings of good varieties or cut directly instead of relying on scuppernong seeds, because it takes a long time for 3 years and the quality is not good, why bother so much.

Scuppernong Benefits

Scuppernong has a good effect on anemia. Moreover, it has a certain effect on the frequent cold of hands and feet or the weakness of low back pain, and scuppernong has a certain effect on reducing cholesterol and serum. We can usually eat an appropriate amount of scuppernong, which has the effect of beauty and beauty, and also helps digestion.

Scuppernong Care FAQs

Scuppernong nutrition facts

Scuppernong not only tastes delicious, but also has high nutritional value. The sugar content of scuppernong in mature berries is as high as 10% - 30%, mainly glucose. A variety of fruit acids in scuppernong are helpful for digestion. If you eat more appropriately, it can strengthen your spleen and stomach. Scuppernong contains minerals such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, a variety of vitamins B1, B2, B6, C and P, as well as a variety of amino acids needed by the human body. Regular consumption of scuppernong is of great benefit to neurasthenia and fatigue.
The study found that scuppernong can better prevent thrombosis than aspirin, reduce the level of human serum cholesterol, reduce the cohesion of platelets, and play a certain role in the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Eating an appropriate amount of fresh scuppernong every day will not only reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but also be particularly beneficial to the health of patients with local ischemic heart disease and atherosclerotic heart disease. The flavonoids in fresh scuppernong can "clean" the blood and prevent the formation of cholesterol plaque.

Homemade Scuppernong Wine Recipe

We can prepare scuppernong first, separate them one by one, wash them in water several times, wash the dust on them, and then put scuppernong on the chopping board to dry the water on them.
We can also prepare a water-free and oil-free jar, put the scuppernong dried in the jar, put a layer of scuppernong first, and then a layer of rock sugar, about a kilogram of scuppernong and half a kilogram of white sugar, all in the jar, cover it and seal it, open the cover every 5 days, put gas once, and ferment for 2 months.
When making the home version of scuppernong wine, we should first separate scuppernong grain by grain, and then wash it in water. Finally, scuppernong is placed on the chopping board to drain the water. If there is water on scuppernong, the fermented scuppernong wine is easy to change quality and taste.
After all the water on scuppernong is drained, put scuppernong in a clean jar. The jar must be well sealed. First lay a layer of scuppernong and then a layer of rock sugar. In this way, put it in layer by layer. The ratio of scuppernong to rock sugar is 2:1. You can add it according to this ratio. Finally, cover it and ferment for 2 months, Remember to breathe every 5 days. This step must not be ignored.

Scuppernong Juice Recipe

When making grape juice at home, if we have a powerful cooking machine, we can squeeze juice directly with fresh scuppernong without peeling or seeds. When doing this, we need to prepare 200g of fresh scuppernong, cut off the scuppernong grains one by one with clean scissors and soak them in salt water for 10 minutes.
After the soaked scuppernong juice is washed with clean water, put an appropriate amount of starch in the basin to make them stick evenly to the surface of grape grains, and then wash with water. In this way, scuppernong can be thoroughly cleaned. The washed fresh grapes can be directly put into the cooking machine. Let the cooking machine work. After frying them into juice, take them out and put them directly into a cup, In this way, the fried scuppernong juice has a slightly bitter taste, but it is rich in nutrition and easier for the human body to absorb and use.
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